[2011.1.19 Mei]
Motivation in Diet and Exercise
People are continually trying to exercise more and eat diets that are conducive to good health. The problem of childhood and adolescent obesity continues to be a major focus of concern for health care professionals in North America. This article describes the necessary tools to make lifestyle changes with the potential to reverse this troublesome trend.
The problems associated with obesity and chronic degenerative diseases, such as heart disease, arteriosclerosis, hypertension, osteoarthritis, and type 2 diabetes, are now reaching epidemic proportions. The prevalence of obesity, where an individual has a body mass index (BMI) of at least 30, is increasing worldwide. Currently, there are approximately 300 million obese individuals around the world.More alarmingly, in the United States, approximately 30% of all adults are categorized as obese. Despite this prevalence being somewhat lower in Canada, the rate has increased significantly there during recent years as well. In 2003, Bouchard reported that obesity costs the unregulated U.S. health care system approximately $100 billion annually. Therefore, it is time to take a serious look at how to reverse this troublesome trend.
In 2000, data collected by the U.S. Department of Health revealed that nearly 30% of the population is physically inactive. It is interesting to note how this percentage corresponds exactly with the percentage of individuals who are considered to be obese. Also, an additional 40 to 50% of the U.S. population does not engage in the necessary amount of physical activity to achieve health benefits. Through a process known as tracking, these statistics are reported to have remained relatively consistent for the past 10 years or so. This is unfortunate given that frequent physical activity has been shown to benefit every system of the human body. For example, exercise physiologists have documented several important changes in the body that accompany participation in an ongoing exercise program. These include a decreased chance of heart disease and stroke, an increase in good (HDL) cholesterol, a decrease in bad (LDL) cholesterol, a lowered risk of osteoporosis (i.e., brittle bones), a decreased percentage of body fat, an increased lean muscle mass, lower blood pressure, and an improved immune system. In addition, in 1998, Leith reported that regular participation in physical activity has been found to be associated with several psychological benefits such as lowered anxiety, lowered depression, improved self-concept, and beter overall mood.